Oxygen plays a key role in various industrial processes, including combustion and energy conversion, which are involved in important fields such as fuel cells, automotive engines, and gas turbines.

Noninvasive methods of measuring blood glucose levels have demonstrated promise in early trials and could be potential replacements for glucose monitoring in the future, according to a review. A ...

The number of ions belonging to different elements within a sample can tell a lot. In beverages and foods, different ions have specific limits established to ensure a minimum nutrient content is ...

Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that carries the instructions from DNA to create specific proteins. The main applications for mRNA include immunotherapy, protein ...

Cell cultures have been widely used to express heterogonous genes and produce therapeutic proteins. CHO, HK273, NSO, and Sf9 are some of the most popular cell lines used in cell culture. Glucose is ...