1. Introduction -- 2. From Julius Caesar to simple substitution -- 3. Polyalphabetic systems -- 4. Jigsaw ciphers -- 5. Two-letter ciphers -- 6. Codes -- 7. Ciphers for spies -- 8. Producing random ...

You could do worse than to confuse the meanings of "code" and "cipher"—even cryptographers sometime use the terms as though they had the same meaning. There is, however, a definite distinction between ...

We seem to have an instinctive fascination for mysteries and, especially, for mysteries that revolve around secret codes. This penchant brought about a publishing sensation in 2003-Dan Brown's novel ...

At the US Central Intelligence Agency’s headquarters in Langley, Virginia, there is a monument to secrecy that has vexed both professional and amateur codebreakers for over two decades. Erected in ...