The Geiger-Muller (GM) tube allows a user to measure different types of radiation, including alpha, beta, x, and gamma particles. A GM tube consists of one anode and one cathode enclosed in a ...
A great many industrial sensors — flow, level, temperature, pressure, pH, and the list goes on — produce a 4-20 mA output, but today's factories increasingly need digital inputs via standard field ...
This application note reviews a circuit technique that is used to create an analog signal output using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). The paper explains the theory and provides some circuit examples.
Pulse width modulation (PWM) is a common technique for generating analog voltages from a digital device such as a microcontroller or FPGA. Most microcontrollers have dedicated PWM generation ...