We’re now starting to see a second China shock play out, one that looks different. This time, barred from the U.S. market by tariffs, and unable to sell enough to consumers at home, China is redirecting more of its exports to developing countries. It’s also setting up its own factories in some of these countries.

What does China achieve in using such blunt economic weapons in bilateral spats? It is tempting to dismiss these as acts of petulance or even self-harm. Rarely do countries meekly back down in the face of China’s punishment.

High on the to-do list will be ensuring the economy is ready for another round of tussles with the U.S., as signaled by the emphasis Chinese leaders have placed on reducing reliance on foreign technology.

The U.S. has become a "side character" in the global story of renewable energy, experts say. China dominates the sector, with positive implications for the climate and their economy.

China's exports of steel products have surged this year as domestic demand - particularly from property development - slumps, while those of aluminium have tumbled on rising activity from the manufacturing and energy sectors.

A 15-year strategy of subsidies, overseas partnerships and political risk-taking shows how Tokyo slowly loosened Beijing’s grip on critical minerals while the US and Europe are only now waking up.

China’s renminbi is lagging the currencies of key trading partners, making Chinese goods and services cheap and helping to drive exports.

The new system would allow more freight trains to run without the need for new tracks. In the test-run, the freight trains had a combined cargo capacity of 35,000 tonnes and ran much more closely than the single units.