The idea that a single-celled bacterium can defend itself against viruses in a similar way as the 1.8-trillion-cell human immune system is still “mind-blowing” for molecular biologist Joshua Modell of ...

When scientists discovered how bacteria protect themselves against viral invaders, called phages, in the early 2000s, little did they know they’d stumbled upon a revolutionary tool researchers could ...

Bacteria combat phage infection using antiphage systems and many systems generate nucleotide-derived second messengers upon infection that activate effector proteins to mediate immunity. Phages ...

Researchers at the University of Southampton have used advanced imaging techniques to uncover how bacteria use a mechanism called Kiwa to defend themselves against phage viruses. Phages are seen as a ...